Ground State Electron Configuration for the Selenium Atom
Selenium History
The element Selenium was discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in year 1817 in Sweden . Selenium derived its name from the Greek selene, meaning 'moon'
Selenium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Selenium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
---|---|
Abundance in Universe | 3×10-6% |
Abundance in Sun | N/A |
Abundance in Meteorites | 1.3e-05 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 5×10-6% |
Abundance in Oceans | 4.5×10-8% |
Abundance in Humans | 5×10-6% |
Crystal Structure of Selenium
The solid state structure of Selenium is Simple Monoclinic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
a | b | c |
---|---|---|
905.4 | 908.3 | 1160.1 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
alpha | beta | gamma |
---|---|---|
π/2 | 1.58493 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Selenium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Selenium atoms have 34 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 6] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 3P2.
Shell Structure of Selenium - Electrons per energy level
n | s | p | d | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | K | 2 | |||
2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
4 | N | 2 | 4 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Selenium - neutral Selenium atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Selenium atom is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. The portion of Selenium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d10 4s2 4p4, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Selenium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Selenium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4
Atomic Structure of Selenium
Selenium atomic radius is 103 pm, while it's covalent radius is 116 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Selenium
Selenium Chemical Properties: Selenium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Selenium is 195 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Selenium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Selenium
Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
---|---|
1 | 941 |
2 | 2045 |
3 | 2973.7 |
4 | 4144 |
5 | 6590 |
6 | 7880 |
7 | 14990 |
Selenium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Selenium Physical Properties
Density | 4.819 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 16.3851421457 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Selenium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Selenium Electrical Properties
Selenium is N/A of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Selenium
Selenium Heat and Conduction Properties
Selenium Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Selenium
Acoustic Properties of Selenium
Selenium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Selenium
Enthalpies of Selenium
Selenium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Selenium
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Selenium has 5 stable isotope - 74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se.
Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
65Se | ||||
66Se | ||||
67Se | ||||
68Se | ||||
69Se | ||||
70Se | ||||
71Se | ||||
72Se | ||||
73Se | ||||
74Se | 0.89% | Stable | N/A | |
75Se | ||||
76Se | 9.37% | Stable | N/A | |
77Se | 7.63% | Stable | N/A | |
78Se | 23.77% | Stable | N/A | |
79Se | ||||
80Se | 49.61% | Stable | N/A | |
81Se | ||||
82Se | 8.73% | |||
83Se | ||||
84Se | ||||
85Se | ||||
86Se | ||||
87Se | ||||
88Se | ||||
89Se | ||||
90Se | ||||
91Se | ||||
92Se | ||||
93Se | ||||
94Se |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
CAS Number | CAS7782-49-2 |
RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSVS7700000, N/A} |
DOT Hazard Class | {N/A, 6.1, N/A} |
DOT Numbers | "N/A", {2658}, "N/A" |
EU Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A} |
NFPA Fire Rating | {N/A, 0, N/A} |
NFPA Hazards | N/ A, N/ A, N/ A |
NFPA Health Rating | {N/A, 2, N/A} |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | {N/A, 0, N/A} |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
Database | Identifier number |
---|---|
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7782-49-2 |
CID Number | {CID6326970, CID6326970, CID139346} |
Gmelin Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A} |
NSC Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A} |
RTECS Number | {N/A, RTECSVS7700000, N/A} |
Ground State Electron Configuration for the Selenium Atom
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/se-selenium#:~:text=The%20ground%20state%20electronic%20configuration,%5BAr%5D%203d10%204s2%204p4.
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